The role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2) infection process

SARS-CoV-2 can cause severe acute respiratory illness and multi-organ injury. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an important of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which main receptor for entry into host cells. Both cell surface ACE2 soluble (sACE2) interact with binding domain (RBD) in S protein. After to ACE2, enters cells by direct fusion viral membranes support host’s TMPRSS2 (transmembrane serine protease 2) furin. In contrast, sACE2-bound through AT1 (Angiotensin type 1 receptor) AVPR1B (arginine vasopressin 1B). The entery process strongly down regulates membrane-bound promoting activation canonical pathway RAS (ACE-Ang II-AT1 axis). Consequently, this promotes intense activity NF-kB (nuclear factor kappa B), turn increases transcription IL-6, triggers cytokine storm. Moreover, decreasing function lung leed DABK/BKB1R axis signaling, contributing pathogenesis inflammation. This review summarizes information about role infection Covid-19, also research directions prevention treatment Covid-19 based on ACE2.